{"id":5991,"date":"2022-10-04T11:33:09","date_gmt":"2022-10-04T15:33:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/planetwordmuseum.org\/?p=5991"},"modified":"2023-02-21T13:13:29","modified_gmt":"2023-02-21T18:13:29","slug":"false-friends-the-words-to-watch-out-for","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/planetwordmuseum.org\/false-friends-the-words-to-watch-out-for\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cFalse Friends\u201d: The Words to Watch Out For"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"

The Indo-European Language Family Tree.
EnriBrahimaj, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons<\/p><\/div>\n

When learning to speak a new language, every learner dreads the same thing: the moment of paralyzing fear that washes over you in conversation when you mean one thing but say something VERY different. Learning a language can, at times, be a challenging process. It is difficult to navigate the unfamiliar rules and regulations that govern a foreign language.\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Most of the languages spoken today belong to language families, or groups of similar languages with shared origins. For example, Romance languages (like French, Spanish, and Romanian) are generally understood to have developed over time from a version of Latin. Similarly, modern Germanic languages (like English, Dutch, and Icelandic) developed from a much older Germanic language. Both of these language groups themselves belong to the much larger Indo-European language family. The more closely related the languages are, the more likely they are to overlap in the words and grammar used. Cognates<\/a>, or words in two or more languages with similar origins, often result from this overlap. Good examples of cognates in Indo-European languages are \u201cnight\u201d (English),\u202f\u201cNacht\u201d (German<\/span>)<\/span>, \u201cnoche\u201d (Spanish), \u201cnotte\u201d (Italian), <\/span>\u043d\u043e\u0447\u044c<\/span> (noch; Russian), and\u202f\u201cnatt\u201d (Norwegian), among many others. See how they sound similar?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But be warned, words in unrelated languages can sound similar too. What may sound like language overlap can instead be a total coincidence. False cognates, otherwise known as \u201cfalse friends,\u201d occur when a word sounds like a word in another language but has an entirely different meaning. Enjoy a sampling of some of our favorite false cognates that might make a native English speaker do a double take.\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Kisse \u2014 Swedish<\/h2>\n

To the native English-speaking ear, this word could be mistaken for a sweet sign of affection. In Swedish however, the word \u201ckisse\u201d actually means \u201ccat.\u201d It is theorized that \u201ckisse\u201d comes from the noise one makes when trying to get a cat\u2019s attention: \u201ckis-kis-kis.\u201d Conflating these two \u201cfalse friends\u201d might result in quite the misunderstanding!<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

\u201cThe Kiss\u201d? More like, \u201cThe Kisse\u201d!<\/p><\/div>\n

2. Bigote \u2014 Spanish\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Before you ask, no, this is not the Spanish word for biased and discriminatory behavior. \u201cBigote\u201d instead means \u201cmustache\u201d! \u201cBigote\u201d is likely derived from the German \u201cbei Got,\u201d meaning \u201cby God,\u201d in reference to a gesture made by Germanic mercenaries as part of an oath. So, we \u201cmustache\u201d you, did you guess this word\u2019s meaning correctly?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u092b\u0942\u0932\u202f(ph\u016bl) \u2014 Hindi<\/h2>\n

The aerated \u201cph\u201d sound, in some dialects, mimics the sound of the English \u201cF,\u201d making this Hindi word sound like the English word \u201cfool.\u201d However, <\/span>\u092b\u0942\u0932<\/span>\u202f(ph<\/span>\u016b<\/span>l)<\/span> means \u201cflower\u201d and originates from <\/span>\u201cp\u00fa\u1e63pa\u201d (\u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092a<\/span>) meaning \u201cbloom or blossom\u201d in its parental language, Sanskrit. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

\u201c\u2018It\u2019s my opinion that you never think at all,\u2019 the Rose said in a rather severe tone.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\n

4. \u062f\u064a\u0646 (d\u012bn) \u2014 Arabic<\/h2>\n

This Arabic word, if overheard by an English speaker, sounds like the word for the head of a school district or university.<\/span> \u062f\u064a\u0646<\/span> (d<\/span>\u012b<\/span>n)<\/span> instead means \u201creligion\u201d in Arabic and can also be used to describe a \u201cloan or credit.\u201d This Arabic word appears in the Quran 98 times and is derived from the Proto-Semitic word for \u201cjudgment, decisions of morality.\u201d<\/span>\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Gift \u2014 German<\/h2>\n

Accepting a gift in Germany? Be extra wary of this \u201cfalse friend,\u201d as \u201cGift\u201d actually means \u201cpoison\u201d in German! The real German word for \u201cgift\u201d is \u201cGeschenk.\u201d This is a mistake that a new language learner can only make once. <\/span>Nina, the German language ambassador in our Spoken World gallery, teaches visitors a number of others \u201cfalse friends\u201d between German and English. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

\u201cSnow-White put her head out of the window, and said, \u2018I dare not let any one in, for the dwarfs have told me not to.\u2019 \u2018Do as you please,\u2019 said the old woman, \u2018but at any rate take this pretty apple; I will make you a present of it.\u2019\u201d<\/p><\/div>\n

These are just a few of the many \u201cfalse friends\u201d out there, but this phenomenon is not exclusive to the English language. Another classic false cognate pair is the Spanish word for \u201cdonkey\u201d and the Italian word for \u201cbutter\u201d \u2014 \u201cburro.\u201d While both words sound the same and derive from Latin words, they are not related. The Spanish word derives from Latin \u201cburricus\u201d (meaning \u201csmall horse\u201d). These small horses have a red-brown color that is commonly referred to as, \u201cburrus.\u201d In turn, the Italian word originally comes from the Latin word \u201c<\/span>b\u016bt\u0233rum\u201d (also meaning \u201cbutter\u201d) through the <\/span>Old French<\/span> \u201c<\/span>burre.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

There is a lot of history buried in the words each of the words that we use today, even when they do not sound special to the untrained ear. We encourage you to explore word etymologies and find more \u201cfalse friends.\u201d And remember, making mistakes when practicing in your non-native tongue is a natural part of the language-acquisition process!<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

When learning to speak a new language, every learner dreads the same thing: the moment of paralyzing fear that washes over you in conversation when you mean one thing but…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":4510,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[22],"class_list":["post-5991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-words-language","tag-fun-with-words"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cFalse Friends\u201d: The Words to Watch Out For — Planet Word Museum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/planetwordmuseum.org\/false-friends-the-words-to-watch-out-for\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta 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